Comparative characteristics of patients with and without sepsis
| Variables | Sepsis (−) (n=229) | Sepsis (+) (n=14) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 59.0 (14-90) | 52.5 (21-87) | 0.178 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 (14.3-48.2) | 23.2 (20.0-31.5) | 0.542 |
| Sex | 0.387 | ||
| Male | 120 (52.4) | 9 (64.3) | |
| Female | 109 (47.6) | 5 (35.7) | |
| Underlying disease | |||
| HTN | 111 (48.5) | 6 (42.9) | 0.683 |
| DM | 65 (28.4) | 5 (35.7) | 0.557 |
| IHD | 9 (3.9) | 1 (7.1) | 0.454 |
| CVA | 22 (9.6) | 2 (14.3) | 0.636 |
| CKD | 20 (8.7) | 2 (14.3) | 0.368 |
| Medical history Hx. | |||
| Stone Hx. | 72 (31.4) | 4 (28.6) | 1 |
| UTI Hx. | 11 (4.8) | 3 (21.4) | 0.038 |
| Antithrombotic agent | 43 (18.8) | 2 (14.3) | 1 |
| Preoperative antibiotics | 90 (39.3) | 8 (57.1) | 0.186 |
| Stone | |||
| Size (mm) | 9.00 (2.00-35.0) | 10.2 (3.00-40.0) | 0.241 |
| Location (main) | 0.366 | ||
| Upper pole | 35 (15.3) | 1 (7.1) | |
| Mid pole | 43 (18.8) | 2 (14.3) | |
| Lower pole | 70 (30.5) | 8 (57.1) | |
| Pelvis | 54 (23.6) | 3 (21.4) | |
| UPJ or Proximal ureter | 27 (11.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
| RIRS | |||
| Operation time (min) | 60 (12-227) | 107 (35-229) | 0.004 |
| Laterality | 0.181 | ||
| Left | 106 (46.3) | 5 (35.7) | |
| Right | 88 (38.4) | 4 (28.6) | |
| Both | 35 (15.3) | 5 (35.7) | |
| Preoperative drainage | |||
| Ureteral stent | 58 (25.3) | 5 (35.7) | 0.389 |
| PCN | 11 (4.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 |
| None | 160 (69.9) | 9 (64.3) | |
| Balloon dilation | 0.028 |
||
| Yes | 18 (7.9) | 4 (28.6) | |
| No | 211 (92.1) | 10 (71.4) | |
| Operative techniques | 0.09 | ||
| Dusting only | 1 (0.4) | 1 (7.1) | |
| Basketing only | 27 (11.8) | 2 (14.3) | |
| Both | 201 (87.8) | 11 (78.6) | |
| Preoperative culture | |||
| Positive urine culture | 54 (23.6) | 8 (57.1) | 0.005 |
| Bacteremia | 14 (6.1) | 2 (14.3) | 0.233 |
| Preoperative urinalysis | |||
| Positive nitrite | 14 (6.1) | 2 (14.3) | 0.233 |
| Positive pyuria | 167 (72.9) | 9 (64.3) | 0.483 |
| Positive bacteriuria | 36 (15.7) | 3 (21.4) | 0.476 |
| Mortality | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | |
| Preoperative laboratory data | |||
| WBC (×103/ml) | 7.42 (2.89-15.8) | 7.42 (5.14-11.9) | 0.912 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.4 (8.3-18.2) | 12.75 (10.2-17.2) | 0.629 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 39.7 (25.8-54.7) | 38.7 (30.8-53.1) | 0.875 |
| Platelet count (×103/ml) | 255 (14-682) | 277 (213-459) | 0.157 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 15 (5-40) | 16 (8-28) | 0.622 |
| Cr (mg/dl) | 0.86 (0.27-5.33) | 0.76 (0.24-1.97) | 0.557 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 4.30 (2.20-5.20) | 4.45 (2.50-4.90) | 0.377 |
| AST (U/L) | 23 (10-197) | 19 (11-37) | 0.349 |
| ALT (U/L) | 20 (5-96) | 20 (7-114) | 0.689 |
| Na (mEq/L) | 139 (130-148) | 139 (135-143) | 0.648 |
| K (mEq/L) | 4.0 (2.60-5.20) | 4.15 (3.50-4.90) | 0.265 |
Values are presented as median (range) or number (%)
BMI: body mass index, HTN: hypertension, DM: diabetes mellitus, IHD: ischemic heart disease, CVA: cerebrovascular disease, CKD: chronic kidney disease, Hx.: history, UTI: urinary tract infection, UPJ: ureteropelvic junction, RIRS: retrograde intrarenal surgery, PCN: percutaneous nephrostomy, WBC: white blood cell, BUN: blood urea nitrogen, Cr: creatinine, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, ALT: alanine transaminase
*p<0.05 indicates statistical significance