Urogenital Tract Infection

Table. 2.

Antimicrobial resistance rate of urinary tract infections

Organism Antibiotics Antimicrobial resistance rate (%)
2018 2019 2020 2021
1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q
Escherichia coli Amikacin 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Amoxicillin/CA 10 10 9 13 12 12 11 10 11 8 13 8 9 9 11 9
Ampicillin 74 68 68 76 72 73 69 68 74 69 75 73 71 71 69 68
Aztreonam 35 31 30 38 36 39 35 38 36 33 35 37 35 37 33 31
Cefazolin 39 35 36 43 40 42 39 40 38 35 39 39 38 38 36 35
Cefepime 34 31 30 38 36 38 35 37 36 32 34 36 34 37 32 31
Cefotaxime 35 32 31 40 37 39 36 39 37 34 36 38 36 38 34 32
Cefoxitin 9 8 8 10 10 9 7 8 10 9 9 6 9 8 7 6
Ceftazidime 35 32 31 39 38 40 37 40 37 33 36 38 36 38 34 32
Ciprofloxacin 53 47 46 50 47 51 46 51 52 56 52 54 56 54 57 54
ESBL 34 31 30 38 36 38 35 38 36 33 34 37 34 37 32 31
Ertapenem 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Gentamicin 30 28 29 33 25 27 27 28 30 27 32 28 30 25 28 25
Imipenem 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Piperacillin/Tazobactam 3 2 2 3 3 4 2 1 2 2 3 2 3 1 3 2
Tigecycline 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Trimethoprim/Sulfa 38 37 36 45 36 39 40 40 42 38 40 42 41 38 37 36
Klebsiella pneumoniae Amikacin 0 2 0 7 5 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Amoxicillin/CA 32 23 14 32 23 27 24 31 28 16 31 17 33 15 33 37
Ampicillin 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Aztreonam 53 45 43 49 36 51 58 61 60 64 60 46 60 47 59 62
Cefazolin 53 49 46 52 40 52 61 63 61 64 61 47 63 49 62 62
Cefepime 53 43 43 49 36 51 58 60 60 64 60 45 60 47 59 62
Cefotaxime 53 46 43 49 36 52 58 61 60 64 60 46 61 48 60 62
Cefoxitin 16 21 6 22 12 19 18 29 19 12 18 11 19 12 23 23
Ceftazidime 53 46 43 49 37 51 58 62 60 64 60 46 61 48 60 62
Ciprofloxacin 44 50 39 40 37 41 36 51 49 47 54 41 58 56 52 61
ESBL 46 43 43 45 37 43 50 46 48 64 50 38 51 44 40 54
Ertapenem 6 0 0 5 0 9 9 20 16 1 12 6 13 4 19 10
Gentamicin 38 21 22 29 25 27 27 42 41 34 33 28 33 28 36 41
Imipenem 6 0 0 5 0 9 9 19 15 1 11 6 13 4 25 10
Piperacillin/Tazobactam 29 20 7 28 15 28 17 27 26 18 29 13 27 16 23 27
Tigecycline 8 12 8 18 10 12 15 23 23 19 27 13 16 18 26 29
Trimethoprim/Sulfa 39 43 43 44 28 38 47 55 54 54 53 48 53 40 55 54
Acinetobacter baumannii Ampicillin/Sulbactam 71 86 61 67 27 65 60 75 43 70 93 76 88 83 85 82
Aztreonam 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Cefepime 71 100 85 78 73 88 60 75 43 70 93 76 88 83 90 82
Cefotaxime 71 100 82 78 73 88 65 83 43 70 93 76 88 83 90 82
Ceftazidime 71 100 85 78 73 88 65 75 43 70 93 76 88 83 90 82
Ciprofloxacin 71 100 89 78 73 88 70 83 57 70 100 88 88 83 90 91
Colistin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gentamicin 64 76 71 67 55 82 60 58 43 30 47 59 88 74 85 64
Imipenem 71 100 82 78 64 88 60 75 43 70 100 76 92 78 85 82
Meropenem 71 100 82 78 64 88 60 75 43 70 100 76 92 83 85 82
Minocycline 14 43 29 22 9 35 20 17 0 20 7 18 4 0 0 0
Piperacillin 71 100 85 78 73 88 65 75 43 70 93 76 83 83 90 82
Piperacillin/Tazobactam 71 100 82 83 73 88 60 80 43 70 93 76 92 83 90 91
Ticarcillin/CA 71 100 82 78 64 88 60 75 43 70 100 76 88 83 85 82
Tigecycline 0 5 7 6 0 6 5 17 0 40 47 24 38 39 40 27
Trimethoprim/Sulfa 64 81 68 72 27 76 40 67 57 40 53 76 79 74 90 82
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ampicillin/Sulbactam 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Aztreonam 23 39 33 56 36 32 20 38 40 33 42 40 39 41 33 16
Cefepime 23 39 30 58 11 25 42 44 38 42 33 70 39 51 31 36
Cefotaxime 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Ceftazidime 23 35 28 52 30 27 22 32 36 42 21 60 32 49 29 29
Ciprofloxacin 27 45 33 58 11 32 45 51 47 36 42 72 39 52 38 49
Colistin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 6 3 4 0
Gentamicin 27 32 30 57 5 23 38 40 31 31 29 67 35 49 27 31
Imipenem 27 48 46 60 30 32 51 63 43 67 44 79 52 64 27 56
Meropenem 19 40 32 57 28 32 40 61 38 61 29 75 39 61 27 38
Minocycline 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Piperacillin 38 42 35 57 33 27 38 40 38 42 37 70 35 52 29 33
Piperacillin/Tazobactam 38 47 33 57 32 27 41 41 36 42 29 71 35 49 27 36
Ticarcillin/CA 38 52 40 59 42 39 48 60 47 44 58 77 48 69 48 40
Tigecycline 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Trimethoprim/Sulfa 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Enterococcus faecalis Ampicillin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Ampicillin/Sulbactam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ciprofloxacin 34 36 21 32 27 20 18 23 16 16 19 14 20 20 22 22
Clindamycin 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 100 100 99 99 100 100 100 100 100
Erythromycin 58 64 56 71 70 63 63 70 57 58 65 54 63 55 53 56
Gentamicin high level 49 61 48 54 58 49 54 58 42 50 48 46 41 41 43 50
Imipenem 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Levofloxacin 34 36 21 32 27 20 17 25 16 16 19 14 21 21 22 22
Linezolid 1 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 3 3 3 2 1 0 0 1
Nitrofurantoin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Norfloxacin 49 48 30 45 33 25 24 33 29 33 36 23 23 30 31 30
Penicillin - G 14 16 9 17 15 9 4 7 7 7 5 6 8 8 10 8
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin 100 100 100 100 99 99 99 100 100 99 99 100 100 100 100 100
Streptomycin high level 16 19 20 17 24 15 14 21 17 23 22 18 10 14 13 22
Teicoplanin 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
Tetracycline 75 83 77 83 92 82 88 86 84 82 83 77 86 86 79 85
Tigecycline 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Trimethoprim/Sulfa 99 100 100 100 99 99 99 100 100 99 99 100 100 100 100 100
Vancomycin 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 1
Enterococcus faecium Ampicillin 99 99 98 100 97 99 96 95 99 99 96 95 99 95 94 98
Ampicillin/Sulbactam 96 98 99 98 93 92 95 93 97 96 86 86 96 89 90 96
Ciprofloxacin 99 98 98 100 100 97 100 95 99 99 94 94 100 98 99 96
Clindamycin 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Erythromycin 97 80 71 90 93 91 96 96 99 92 90 97 90 80 90 85
Gentamicin high level 55 59 47 28 38 49 49 43 48 52 52 60 57 47 46 51
Imipenem 99 99 100 100 100 99 100 96 99 99 94 96 100 96 97 98
Levofloxacin 99 98 98 99 99 97 100 93 99 99 94 94 100 98 99 96
Linezolid 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0
Nitrofurantoin 91 80 83 90 82 81 79 80 92 89 75 77 93 82 81 84
Norfloxacin 99 98 98 100 100 99 100 95 99 99 94 94 100 98 99 96
Penicillin - G 99 99 100 100 100 99 100 96 99 99 95 96 100 98 100 98
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin 1 1 0 0 8 9 16 12 9 10 15 32 13 9 9 5
Streptomycin high level 3 2 0 3 6 8 16 8 13 8 8 28 17 9 9 5
Teicoplanin 55 41 55 42 46 35 36 45 47 49 46 50 51 38 32 35
Tetracycline 8 28 21 13 17 28 31 10 13 14 30 15 5 14 20 18
Tigecycline 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Trimethoprim/Sulfa 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Vancomycin 72 59 70 63 71 66 53 67 71 68 54 64 78 68 52 49
Staphylococcus aureus Cefoxitin screen 42 63 60 56 65 79 29 50 35 31 77 60 24 55 69 82
Ciprofloxacin 25 38 47 31 47 52 21 43 41 23 38 35 24 18 31 82
Clindamycin 33 50 60 44 53 60 29 57 41 15 38 60 18 18 38 82
Erythromycin 33 50 60 44 53 60 29 57 47 15 38 55 18 18 38 82
Fusidic acid 50 38 13 0 35 13 14 57 24 31 0 25 24 0 38 36
Gentamicin 25 25 27 25 47 44 21 50 12 15 8 10 24 18 23 0
Habekacin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Linezolid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mupirocin 25 31 27 19 24 8 7 7 0 0 46 20 24 18 8 36
Nitrofurantoin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oxacillin MIC 42 63 60 56 65 75 29 50 35 31 77 60 24 55 69 82
Penicillin - G 100 88 87 81 100 100 86 79 94 69 92 90 82 82 92 91
Quinupristin/Dafopristin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rifampin 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Teicoplanin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Telithromycin 25 19 13 13 18 8 0 29 12 8 0 5 12 9 23 36
Tetracycline 25 19 20 31 41 40 0 43 12 0 8 15 18 18 31 36
Tigecycline 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Trimethoprim/Sulfa 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 12 0 0 0
Vancomycin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

CA: clavulanic acid, ESBL: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.
Urogenit Tract Infect 2022;17:42-9 https://doi.org/10.14777/uti.2022.17.2.42
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